Spatial Ability and Its Relationship to Information-Processing Styles among Students of Tikrit University (Al-Shirqat Colleges)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51699/cajlpc.v7i4.1645Keywords:
Ability, Spatial Ability, Information Processing, Processing Styles, Tikrit UniversityAbstract
This study sets out to determine the level of spatial ability among university students, to examine differences among sample members on that ability, to assess the level of information-processing styles among the same students, to identify differences among sample members on those styles, and to explore the correlation between spatial ability and information-processing styles. The research population consisted of 6,783 students, from which the researcher drew a simple random sample of 200 students from across four colleges, representing both sexes and both specializations (scientific and humanities). Two instruments were used: a 15-item spatial-ability test and a 33-item scale of information-processing styles constructed by the researcher. The psychometric properties of both instruments — validity and reliability — were established and found to be high, and appropriate statistical procedures were applied to each objective. The results showed that students’ spatial-ability levels were high and varied by sex and specialization; that their information-processing styles were likewise at a high level, with near-significant differences by sex and specialization; and that a significant correlation exists between spatial ability and information-processing styles.
References
Van Dalen, Deobold (1985). Research Methods in Education and Psychology. Translated by Mohammed Nabil Nofal. Cairo: Anglo-Egyptian Library, p. 113.
Abed, Adnan Suleiman (1994). “Spatial Ability among Primary-Stage Pupils.” Journal of the College of Education, Yarmouk University, no. 12, p. 11.
Affanah, Ezzo (2001). “The Effect of Using the Visual Approach on Developing Problem-Solving Ability and Retention among Eighth-Grade Students in Gaza.” 13th Scientific Conference (Curricula, the Knowledge Revolution, and Contemporary Technology), Part 2, Ain Shams University, 25 July.
Smith, I. (1964). Spatial Ability: Its Educational and Social Significance. London: University of London Press.
Schmeck, Ronald Ray (1983). Learning Strategies and Learning Styles. Edited by R. R. Schmeck. Boston, MA: Springer US.
Sang, Betty (2000). “Spatial Visualization Ability and Learning-Style Preference of Low-Achieving Students.” D.A.I. 51(3): 1207A.
Khasawneh, Mohammed Ahmed Salim (2013). “Spatial Ability among Children with Learning Disabilities in the Hail Region and Its Relationship to Certain Variables.” Jordanian Journal of Educational Sciences, no. 9, p. 264.
Marzano, Robert (2000). Dimensions of Learning. Translated by Abdel Hamid Jaber et al. Cairo: Dar Diaa for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, p. 64.
Marzano, Robert (2000). Dimensions of Learning. Translated by Abdel Hamid Jaber et al. Cairo: Dar Diaa for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, p. 64.
Al-Jizani, Mohammed, and Elham Abbas (2018). “The Effect of a Training Program Based on the Habit of Mind (Perseverance) on Developing Kinesthetic-Sense Retrieval to Improve Academic Achievement among Intermediate-Stage Students.” Educational and Social Pathway Journal, 5/2.
Sternberg, R. (1988). Handbook of Human Intelligence. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 22–42.
Gardner, H. (1989). Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. New York: Basic Books.
Obeid, William (2004). Teaching Mathematics to All Children in Light of Standards Requirements and the Culture of Thinking. 1st ed. Amman: Dar Al-Masirah, p. 281.
Erwin, William (2003). Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology. Translated by Haytham Kamil Al-Zubaidi and Maher Abu Hallalah. Al-Ain, UAE: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Jami’i.
Al-Mutrib, Khalid bin Saad (2015). “The Relationship of Spatial Ability to General Abilities and Achievement among Engineering and Art-Education Students.” University of Sharjah Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 32.
Kuipers, Jorrit, Joost de Winter, and Max Mulder (2023). “From Fear to Forecast: The Role of Simulators, Accompanied Driving, Age, Gender, and Information-Processing Style in Driver Training and Beyond.” Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 99 (November): 389–407. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2023.10.003.
Bousha, Nawal, and Mohammed Hassian (2023). “The Effect of Executive-Function Disorders (Mental Flexibility) on Information-Processing Speed among
Al-Baz, Effat Ahmed Abdel Moneim (2023). “Developing the Secondary-School Chemistry Curriculum in Light of Information-Processing Theory and Its Effect on Achievement.” Journal of the Faculty of Education, Mansoura University, no. 122 (April), p. 1318.
Tawfiq, Najat Adly, Heba Zidan Sayed, and Asmaa Ramadan Mostafa Ezzelarab (2024). “Predicting Wisdom-Based Thinking through Certain Information-Processing Skills among College of Education Students.” Scientific Journal, College of Education, New Valley University, no. 5 (July), p. 126.
Amer, Tarek Abdel Raouf, and Ihab Issa Al-Masri (2016). Visual Thinking: Concept, Skills, Strategy. Cairo: Arab Group for Training and Publishing.
Yaqoub, Noha Lutfi (2007). The Level of Spatial Ability and Its Developmental Pattern among Palestinian Students in Grades Seven, Nine, and Eleven. Master’s thesis, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Birzeit University, Palestine, p. 12.
Rayyan, Adel (2008). “Spatial Ability among Al-Quds Open University Students Majoring in Primary Education.” Palestinian Journal, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 120.
Rayyan, Adel (2008). “Spatial Ability among Al-Quds Open University Students Majoring in Primary Education.” Palestinian Journal of Open and Distance Education, vol. 1, no. 2.
Al-Zamili, Ali Abbas Shanan, and Lama Kadhim Fayyadh Al-Jaifari (2015). “Psychological Adjustment and Its Relationship to Information-Processing Styles among Female Intermediate-Stage Students.” Lark Journal for Philosophy, Linguistics, and Social Sciences, vol. 1, no. 19, p. 8.
Curtis, Guy J., and Serena Wee (2021). “Are Individual Differences in Information-Processing Styles Related to Transformational Leadership? A Test of the Cognitive Experiential Leadership Model.” Frontiers in Psychology 12 (March): 1–12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.599008.
Allen, A. (1999). Complex Spatial Skills: The Link between Visualization and Creativity. Unpublished master’s thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Al-Sulaibi, Ibrahim (2004). The Relationship between Creative Thinking and Spatial Ability with Mathematics Achievement among Secondary-School Students (Scientific Track) in the Hebron Region. Unpublished master’s thesis, Women’s College, Hebron, Palestine.
Liu (2007). “The Relationship between Creativity, Drawing Ability, and Visual-Spatial Intelligence: A Study of Taiwanese Third-Grade Children.” Asia Pacific Education Review 8(3).
Cho, J., Fischer, T., De Biswas, K., Ham, J., & Naka, R. (2012). “Spatial Ability, Creativity, and Studio Performance in Architecture Design.” In Beyond Codes and Pixels: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia, pp. 131–140.
Abdel Sahib, Muntaha Mutashar, Fadel Shaker Hassan, and Khamis Shayal Yabir (2017). “Cognitive Failures and Their Relationship to Information-Processing Styles and Problem-Solving among University Students.” Journal of Educational and Psychological Research
Khairallah, Majid Shayya (2022). “Learning Quality and Its Relationship to Mathematical Information-Processing Styles among Mathematics Department Students.” Journal of the College of Basic Education, Wasit University, vol. 15, no. 4.
Mohammed Ali, Iman Mohammed Sharif (2023). “Intellectual Rigidity and Its Relationship to Information-Processing Styles among Female Kindergarten-Department Students.” Journal of the College of Basic Education, vol. 38, no. 4.
Al-Imam, Mustafa Mahmoud (1990). Evaluation and Measurement. Baghdad: Dar Al-Hikma. Multiple-Sclerosis Patients.” Journal of Social and Human Sciences, University of Batna, vol. 24, no. 1, p. 192.
} Al-Tamimi, Mahmoud Kadhim (2009). How to Write a Research Paper or Master’s Thesis. Baghdad: Dar Al-Kutub wa Al-Watha’iq.
Al-Kubaisi, Kamel Thamer (2001). “The Relationship between Logical and Statistical Analysis of Psychological-Scale Items.” Al-Ustath Journal, College of Education, University of Baghdad, no. 15, p. 171.
